PROCEDURE TEXT
The characteristic of procedure
1. Social function
To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps
2. Generic structure
a. Goal
b. Materials (not required fr all procedural texts )
c. Steps 1-n (i.e.goal followed by a series of steps oriented to achieving the goal )
d. Tense :verb-1
Example:
1. Oxtail soup (sop buntut )
Ingredients :
- 2 cm fresh ginger
- 1 kg oxtail , cut in 4 cm long segments
- 3 cloves
- ½ nutmeg , roughly broken
- 1 ½ liters water
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 2-3 stems Chinese celery with leaves , sliced coarsely chopped
- 1 larger carrot thickly sliced
- 2 medium potatoes , each cut in 8 edges
- 2 teaspoon salt
- ½ teaspoon mhite pepper
- 1 ½ tablespoon crisp-fried shallots
- 1 large leek , white part only thickly
Methods :
- place the ginger in a large pan of water and bring to the boil. Add the oxtail and cook uncovered from 3 minutes. Drain, discard water and ginger
- return oxtail to the pan and add cloves and nutmeg. Add cld water. Bring to the boil. Cover and simmeruntil the meat is tender. 1 to 1 ½ hours
- heat the butter in a frying pan and add leek and carrot. Stir-fry ovrer meduium heat until they start to smell fragrant, 3 to 4 minutes. When the beef is tender. Add the leek nd carrot to the soup together with potatoes, salt and pepper.
- return to the boil and simmer , stirring several times. Until the vegetables are cooked and the meart is tender, 15 t 20 minutes. Serve garnish with Chinese celery and cripfried shallots.
Serves:
Preparation time :15 minutes
Cooking time 1 ½ - 2 hours
HOW TO MAKE A PIZZA
Ingredients: Tomatos, Cheese, Topping, Spices, Flour, Yeast, Pan
Procedure:
1. First get some yeast and a pan.
2. Turn on your bread machine.
3. Put flour, yeast into bread machine.
4. Take out in 30 min to an hour.
5. Smash tomatoes, open can put spices on pizza.
6. Open cheese bag sprinkle on sauce.
7. Put topping of your choice on the pizza.
8. Cook in oven 30 minutes to an hour.
9. Open oven and take out pizza. Caution! Pan is hot!
10. Cut pizza into slices.
How to Make Special Fried Rice
You Will Need
- 1 Green Onion
- 2 Eggs , If adding extra ingredients (chicken, etc) use 3 eggs
- 1-2 tsp Salt
- 4 tbsp Oil
- 4 cups (1000ml) Cooked rice, cold , For a very easy meal, buy microwaveable rice
- 1-2 tbsp Soy sauce
- 1 Frying pan / wok
- 1 Fork
- 1 Knife for chopping vegetables
Recipe Info
- Serves: 1
- Preparation Time: 10 minutes
- Cooking Time: 10 minutes
Procedure
Step 1: Lightly Chop The Green Onion
Chop the green onion, and after chopping, leave it to one side until the last step.
Step 2: Beat The Eggs
Beat the eggs with salt and pepper in a bowl. Make sure that you use a separate utensil when handling raw eggs and cooked eggs so that you don't risk disease!
Step 3: Heat A Frying Pan With Oil
Set a frying pan over a medium heat, and add some oil to it. A wok is a good alternative to a frying pan if you own one - and it is much more authentic!
Step 4: Add The Eggs
When the oil is hot, add the eggs to the frying pan. Make sure to stir the eggs in the frying pan until they are scrambled. Leaving eggs in the pan for too long will cause them to dry out, so cook them only until they are no longer raw. Remove the eggs and clean the pan (or put a new pan on the stove).
Step 5: Add The Rice
Add two tablespoons of oil to the new pan, and then add the rice. Stir-fry the rice for a few minutes in the oil, breaking it up with a utensil to avoid clumping.
Step 6: Add Soy Sauce
Add soy sauce slowly to the rice, until your desired taste is obtained.
Step 7: Add The Eggs And Onion
After rice is heated, add the eggs and onion, and mix it all thoroughly. Now you are ready to serve, eat and enjoy!
TIP: If you'd like, add cooked meat pieces, peas, or small carrots to give your fried rice some extra taste and texture! Add these with the cooked eggs and onion at the end
Procedure Text
How to Make Patty Cakes
Ingredients:
● 3 tablespoons of butter
● ¼ cup castor sugar
● 1 egg
● ¼ teaspoon of vanilla
● 1 cup self-raising flour
● Pinch salt
● ¼ cup milk
Methods:
● Beat butter and sugar to cream
● Add lightly beaten egg and vanilla. Beat well.
● Sift flour and salt together
● Fold in dry ingredients alternately with milk. Mix well
● Drop heaped teaspoonfuls of mixture into well-greased patty tins or papers.
● Bake in a moderately hot oven for 10 to 15 minutes
● Cool on a wire rack. Then ice with butter icing
How to Make a Pulley
Materials:
● At least 2 points around which to loop the string, e.g. sticks (approx. 2 cm wide and 30 cm long), table legs or chair legs.
● Strong non-twisting string, twice the length of the distance to be covered.
● At least 1 carrier of a suitable size to carry message, e.g. small, light box.
● Masking tape
● At least 2 operators
Method:
● Measure the distance between the two points.
● Cut the string to twice this distance.
● Loop the string around the points.
● Tie the ends of the string in a knot so that the string is stretched firmly between the points.
● Attach the box/boxes to the string with masking tape.
● Test the pulley out by the operator pulling one side of the string.
Making Sandwich
Materials:
● Two slices of bread
● Something inside (fried-egg, strawberry jam, chocolate sprinkles, a sausage, etc.)
Steps:
● First of all, take two slices of bread.
● Spread the bread with butter or margarine
● Then, put anything you like on top of the bread on one slice. You can have a fried egg, some strawberry jam, (or any kind of jam), chocolate sprinkles, a slice of cheese, a sausage, or something else.
● After that, join the two slices of bread together, and your sandwich is ready!
Making iced-lemon tea
Materials:
● A glass of tea
● Two spoonfuls of sugar
● Ice cubes
● A slice of lemon tea
Steps:
● Make the tea a bit strong because when you add the lemon it will get thinner.
● After the tea is ready, squeeze the lemon according to your own taste.
● Add some ice cubes, and your iced-lemon tea is ready
Making Fried Banana
Materials:
● Some good bananas
● Some frying oil
Steps:
● Slice the bananas into thin slices.
● Then, fry them in very hot frying oil until they turn brown.
● If you like, you can sprinkle some sugar on top of the bananas. Otherwise, roll the bananas in flour before you fry them.
How to make mushroom soup
Ingredients:
● 12 ounces mushrooms
● 4 eggs yolks
● ½ teaspoon grated nutmeg
● 2 tablespoons chopped parsley
● 1 ½ teaspoons salt
● 6 tablespoon pepper
● ¼ teaspoon pepper
● 2 pints chicken stock
Steps:
● Prepare mushrooms and place in frying pan with melted butter.
● Cover and cook for 10 minutes. Add stock.
● Season with salt, pepper, and nutmeg
● Bring to boil and then simmer for 30 minutes
● Sieve and blend until smooth, with remaining ingredients.
● Return to pan and heat. Remove pan from stove and cool.
● Add beaten egg yolks and cream, stirring gently. Don’t boil.
● Garnish with chopped parsley and serve.
Narrative text
General characteristic of narrative
1. social function of narrative
To entertain, amuse, and t deal with actual or vicarious experiences in different ways. Narrative deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind which in turn finds a resolution.
2. generic structureof narrative
a. orientation
b. complication
c. resolution
Example:
Cinderella
Once upon a time there was a girl called Cinderella. She lived with her stepsisters. They were very bossy. They made Cinderella do all the housework.One day an invitation to the ball came to the family. Her stepsisters would not let her go. Cinderella was sad because she wanted to go to the ball too. Her stepsisters went to the ball without her.Fortunately, the fairy Godmother came and helped her to get to the ball. At the ball, Cinderella dance with the prince. The prince fell in love with her then married her. They lived happily ever after.
A Legend of Candy Cane
A candy maker in Indiana wanted to make a candy that would be a witness, so he made the Christmas Candy Cane. He incorporated several symbols for the birth, ministry, and death of Jesus Christ.
He began with a stick of pure white, hard candy. White to symbolize the Virgin Birth and the sinless nature of Jesus, and hard to symbolize the Solid Rock, the foundation of the church, and firmness of the promises of God.
The candy maker made the candy in the form of a "J" to represent the precious name of Jesus, who came to earth as our Savior. It also represents the staff of the "Good Shepherd" with which He reaches down into the ditches of the world to lift out the fallen lambs who, like all sheep, have gone astray.
Thinking that the candy was somewhat plain, the candy maker stained it with red stripes. He used the tree small stripes to show the stripes of the scourging Jesus received by which we are healed. The large red stripe was for the blood shed by Jesus on the Cross so that we could have the promise of eternal life, if only we put our faith and trust in Him. Unfortunately, the candy became known as a Candy Cane - a meaningless decoration seen at Christmas time. But the meaning is still there for those who "have eyes to see and ears to hear".
The Purse of Gold
A beggar found a leather purse that someone had dropped in a market place. Opening it, he discovered that it contained 100 pieces of gold. Then he heard a merchant shouted, "A reward! A reaward to the one who find my leather purse!"
Being an honest man, the beggar came forward and handed the purse to the merchant saying, "Here is your purse. Will you keep your word to give a reward now?"\
"Reward?" scoffed the merchant greedily counting the amount of gold. "The purse I dropped had 200 pieces of gold in it. You've already stolen more than the reward I'll give to you.! Go away or I'll tell you to the police."
"I'm an honest man," said the beggar defiantly. "Let's take this matter to the court!" In the court, the judge patiently listened to both sides of the story and said, "I believe you both. Justice is possible! Merchant, you stated that the purse you lost contained 200 pieces of gold. Well, that's a considerable cost. But the purse the beggar found had only 100 pieces of gold. Therefore, it couldn't be the one you lost."
And, with that, the judge gave the purse and all the golds to the beggar.
The Legend of Malin Kundang
A long time ago on a small beach in Indonesia, lived a woman and her son, who was called Malin Kundang. They did not have very much money, but Malin Kundang was a healthy strong boy who was a good boatsman and swimmer. He went to the sea to catch fish, which he and his mother ate or sold in the town.
One day, Malin Kundang saw a trader’s ship in trouble. It was being raided by a small band of pirates. Malin Kundang went to help the ship and fought off the pirates. The trader was very grateful to Malin Kundang, and very impressed by his strength and bravery. He asked Malin Kundang to work with him and Malin Kundang agreed.
Malin Kundang made lots of money. He bought a huge ship of his own and married a beautiful wife.
Many years later, Malin Kundang’s ship landed on the small beach where he grew up. People on the beach recognised him, and the news travelled around the village. His mother, who had been sad and lonely without him, heard the news and ran to the beach to meet her beloved son.
Malin Kundung, wearing his expensive clothes and standing with his beautiful wife, didn’t recognise his mother and refused to greet the poor old woman. His mother begged him to see her three times, but he declined. At last Malin Kundung shouted “Enough, old woman! I have never had a dirty and ugly peasant woman like you as a mother!” and he ordered his crews to set sail.
His mother was angry. She shouted that she would turn him into stone unless he apologised. Malin Kundung laughed and started to sail away into the calm sea.
Suddenly a thunderstorm descended. Malin Kundang’s ship was tossed to and fro on the huge waves, and sank. Malin Kundang was thrown from the ship onto a small island and turned into stone.
SNOW WHITE
Once upon a time, long, long ago a king and queen ruled over a distant land. The queen was kind and lovely and all the people of the realm adored her. The only sadness in the queen's life was that she wished for a child but did not have one. One winter day, the queen was doing needle work while gazing out her ebony window at the new fallen snow. A bird flew by the window startling the queen and she pricked her finger. A single drop of blood fell on the snow outside her window. As she looked at the blood on the snow she said to herself, "Oh, how I wish that I had a daughter that had skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony." Soon after that, the kind queen got her wish when she gave birth to a baby girl who had skin white as snow, lips red as blood, and hair black as ebony. They named the baby princess Snow White, but sadly, the queen died after giving birth to Snow White. Soon after, the king married a new woman who was beautiful, but as well proud and cruel. She had studied dark magic and owned a magic mirror, of which she would daily ask, "Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fairest of them all?" Each time this question was asked, the mirror would give the same answer, "Thou, O Queen, art the fairest of all." This pleased the queen greatly as she knew that her magical mirror could speak nothing but the truth. One morning when the queen asked, "Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fairest of them all?" she was shocked when it answered: "You, my queen, are fair; it is true. But Snow White is even fairer than you." The Queen flew into a jealous rage and ordered her huntsman to take Snow White into the woods to be killed. She demanded that the huntsman return with Snow White's heart as proof. The poor huntsman took Snow White into the forest, but found himself unable to kill the girl. Instead, he let her go, and brought the queen the heart of a wild boar. Snow White was now all alone in the great forest, and she did not know what to do. The trees seemed to whisper to each other, scaring Snow White who began to run. She ran over sharp stones and through thorns. She ran as far as her feet could carry her, and just as evening was about to fall she saw a little house and went inside in order to rest. Inside the house everything was small but tidy. There was a little table with a tidy, white tablecloth and seven little plates. Against the wall there were seven little beds, all in a row and covered with quilts. Because she was so hungry Snow White ate a few vegetables and a little bread from each little plate and from each cup she drank a bit of milk. Afterward, because she was so tired, she lay down on one of the little beds and fell fast asleep. After dark, the owners of the house returned home. They were the seven dwarves who mined for gold in the mountains. As soon as they arrived home, they saw that someone had been there -- for not everything was in the same order as they had left it. drinking from my cup?" The seventh one, looking at his bed, found Snow White lying there asleep. The seven dwarves all came running up, and they cried out with amazement. They fetched their seven candles and shone the light on Snow White. "Oh good heaven! " they cried. "This child is beautiful!" They were so happy that they did not wake her up, but let her continue to sleep in the bed. The next morning Snow White woke up, and when she saw the seven dwarves she was frightened. But they were friendly and asked, "What is your name?" "My name is Snow White," she answered. "How did you find your way to our house?" the dwarves asked further. Then she told them that her stepmother had tried to kill her, that the huntsman had spared her life, and that she had run the entire day through the forest, finally stumbling upon their house. The dwarves spoke with each other for awhile and then said, "If you will keep house for us, and cook, make beds, wash, sew, and knit, and keep everything clean and orderly, then you can stay with us, and you shall have everything that you want." "Yes," said Snow White, "with all my heart." For Snow White greatly enjoyed keeping a tidy home. So Snow White lived happily with the dwarves. Every morning they went into the mountains looking for gold, and in the evening when they came back home Snow White had their meal ready and their house tidy. During the day the girl was alone, except for the small animals of the forest that she often played with. Now the queen, believing that she had eaten Snow White's heart, could only think that she was again the first and the most beautiful woman of all. She stepped before her mirror and said: "Mirror, mirror, on the wall, Who in this land is fairest of all?" It answered: "You, my queen, are fair; it is true. But Snow White, beyond the mountains With the seven dwarves, Is still a thousand times fairer than you." This startled the queen, for she knew that the mirror did not lie, and she realized that the huntsman had deceived her and that Snow White was still alive. Then she thought, and thought again, how she could rid herself of Snow White -- for as long as long as she was not the most beautiful woman in the entire land her jealousy would give her no rest. At last she thought of something. She went into her most secret room -- no one else was allowed inside -- and she made a poisoned apple. From the outside it was beautiful, and anyone who saw it would want it. But anyone who might eat a little piece of it would died. Coloring her face, she disguised herself as an old peddler woman, so that no one would recognize her, traveled to the dwarves house and knocked on the door. Snow White put her head out of the window, and said, "I must not let anyone in; the seven dwarves have forbidden me to do so." "That is all right with me," said the peddler woman. "I'll easily get rid of my apples. Here, I'll give you one of them." "No," said Snow White, "I cannot accept anything from strangers." "Are you afraid of poison?" asked the old woman. "Look, I'll cut the apple in two. You eat half and I shall eat half." Now the apple had been so artfully made that only the one half was poisoned. Snow White longed for the beautiful apple, and when she saw that the peddler woman was eating part of it she could no longer resist, and she stuck her hand out and took the poisoned half. She barely had a bite in her mouth when she fell to the ground dead. The queen looked at her with an evil stare, laughed loudly, and said, "White as snow, red as blood, black as ebony wood! The dwarves shall never awaken you." Back at home she asked her mirror: "Mirror, mirror, on the wall, Who in this land is fairest of all?" It finally answered: "You, my queen, are fairest of all." Then her cruel and jealous heart was at rest, as well as a cruel and jealous heart can be at rest. When the dwarves came home that evening they found Snow White lying on the ground. She was not breathing at all. She was dead. They lifted her up and looked at her longingly. They talked to her, shook her and wept over her. But nothing helped. The dear child was dead, and she remained dead. They laid her on a bed of straw, and all seven sat next to her and mourned for her and cried for three days. They were going to bury her, but she still looked as fresh as a living person, and still had her beautiful red cheeks. They said, "We cannot bury her in the black earth," and they had a transparent glass coffin made, so she could be seen from all sides. They laid her inside, and with golden letters wrote on it her name, and that she was a princess. Then they put the coffin outside on a mountain, and one of them always stayed with it and watched over her. The animals too came and mourned for Snow White, first an owl, then a raven, and finally a dove. Now it came to pass that a prince entered these woods and happened onto the dwarves' house, where he sought shelter for the night . He saw the coffin on the mountain with beautiful Snow White in it, and he read what was written on it with golden letters. Then he said to the dwarves, "Let me have the coffin. I will give you anything you want for it." But the dwarves answered, "We will not sell it for all the gold in the world." Then he said, "Then give it to me, for I cannot live without being able to see Snow White. I will honor her and respect her as my most cherished one." As he thus spoke, the good dwarves felt pity for him and gave him the coffin. The prince had his servants carry it away on their shoulders. But then it happened that one of them stumbled on some brush, and this dislodged from Snow White's throat the piece of poisoned apple that she had bitten off. She opened her eyes and was alive again. "Where am I?" she cried out. The prince said joyfully, "You are with me." He told her what had happened, and then said, "I love you more than anything else in the world. Come with me to my father's castle. You shall become my wife." Snow White loved him, and she went with him. Their wedding was planned with great splendor and majesty. Snow White's wicked step-mother was invited to the feast. Not knowing that this new queen was indeed her stepdaughter, she arrived at the wedding, and the evil queen was banished from the land forever and the prince and Snow White lived happily ever after.
SPOOF TEXT
What is Spoof Text?
Spoof Text
Definition and Social Function of Spoof
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.
Generic Structure of Spoof
1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist
Language Feature of Spoof
1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things
2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb of time and place
4. Told in chronological order
Example:
The Zoo Job Story
One day a clown was visiting the zoo and attempted to earn some money by making a street performance. He acted and mimed perfectly some animal acts. As soon as he started to drive a crowd, a zoo keeper grabbed him and dragged him into his office. The zoo keeper explained to the clown that the zoo's most popular gorilla had died suddenly and the keeper was fear that attendance at the zoo would fall off. So he offered the clown a job to dress up as the gorilla until the zoo could get another one. The clown accepted this great opportunity.
So the next morning the clown put on the gorilla suit and entered the cage before the crowd came. He felt that it was a great job. He could sleep all he wanted, played and made fun of people and he drove bigger crowds than he ever did as a clown. He pretended the gorilla successfully.
However, eventually the crowds were tired of him for just swinging on tires. He began to notice that the people were paying more attention to the lion in the next cage. Not wanting to lose the attention of his audience, he decided to make a spectacular performance. He climbed to the top of his cage, crawled across a partition, and dangled from the top to the lion's cage. Of course, this made the lion furious, but the crowd people loved it.
At the end of the day the zoo keeper came and gave him a raise for being such a good attraction. Well, this went on for some time, he kept taunting the lion, the audience crowd grew a larger, and his salary kept going up. Then one terrible day happened. When he was dangling over the furious lion, he slipped and fell into the lion cage. The clown was really in big terrible situation. He was terrified.
Sooner the lion gathered itself and prepared to pounce. The clown was so scared. He could do nothing and he began to run round and round the cage with the lion close and closer behind. Finally, the lion could catch him. The clown started screaming and yelling, "Help me, help me!", but the lion was quick and pounces. The clown soon found himself flat on his back looking up at the angry lion and suddenly he heard a voice from the lion’s mouth;"Shut up you idiot! Do you want to get us both fired?".
LOVING MONEY TOO MUCH
There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his life and wanted to save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it came to his money. He loved money more than just about anything.
Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you to take all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to the afterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died, she would put all the money in the casket with him. Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife was sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said "Wait just a minute!" She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the casket. After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long after that, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the casket."
The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then she continued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in that casket with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have put every cent of his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely I did. I got it all together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a check."
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